Treinamento de força com e sem instabilidade não melhora os níveis gerais de capacidade intrínseca em idosos com queixas cognitivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.2023.e4894Palavras-chave:
Envelhecimento, Exercício, Treinamento de Força, Disfunção Cognitiva, Ensaio Clínico Controlado AleatórioResumo
INTRODUÇÃO: Capacidade intrínseca (CI) é um construto que engloba capacidades físicas e mentais para o autocuidado e envelhecimento saudável. A compreensão do papel potencial do treinamento resistido, com e sem instabilidade, para promover o CI precisa ser esclarecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento de força sobre os níveis de capacidade intrínseca em idosos com queixas cognitivas. MÉTODOS: Idosos com queixas cognitivas (n=67) foram aleatoriamente designados para 12 semanas de TF tradicional (n=23), TF com dispositivos de instabilidade (TFI) (n=22) ou controle (n=22). Ambos os grupos de treinamento realizaram três séries de 10-15 repetições. O grupo TFI realizou exercícios utilizando dispositivos de instabilidade. O grupo controle recebeu aulas semanais de educação em saúde. Os domínios da CI foram de mobilidade e velocidade da marcha (locomotora), função global e executiva (cognitivo), força de preensão e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (vitalidade), e sintomas depressivos e autoeficácia (psicológicos) por meio de escores-z compostos. Calculamos os níveis globais de CI pela soma de cada pontuação composta. RESULTADOS: Diferença significativa intragrupo nos níveis gerais de CI (∆TFI = +1.69, ∆TF = +1.30) e seus respectivos domínios (Locomoção: ∆TFI = +2.32, ∆TF = +3.21; Cognição: ∆TFI = +2.31; Vitalidade: ∆TFI = +1.23, ∆TF = +1.42; e Psicológico: ∆TFI = -0.65, ∆TF = -0.62). Contudo, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Análise de sensibilidade mesclando os grupos de treinamento revelou diferença significativa para o domínio locomotor após 12 semanas (+1.97, p=0.045). CONCLUSÃO: Treinamento de força com e sem dispositivos de instabilidade não melhorou os níveis de CI em idosos com queixas cognitivas.
Downloads
Referências
(1) World Health Organization. World report on ageing and health [Internet]. 2015. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/186463/9789240694811_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
(2) Cesari M, Carvalho IA, Thiyagarajan JA, Cooper C, Martin FC, Reginster J-Y, et al. Evidence for the Domains Supporting the Construct of Intrinsic Capacity. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(12):1653–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly011
(3) Beard JR, Jotheeswaran AT, Cesari M, Carvalho IA. The structure and predictive value of intrinsic capacity in a longitudinal study of ageing. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11):e026119. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026119
(4) Falck RS, Davis JC, Best JR, Crockett RA, Liu-Ambrose T. Impact of exercise training on physical and cognitive function among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging. 2019;79:119–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.007
(5) Northey JM, Cherbuin N, Pumpa KL, Smee DJ, Rattray B. Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(3):154–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096587
(6) Cadore EL, Moneo ABB, Mensat MM, Muñoz AR, Casas-Herrero A, Rodriguez-Mañas L, et al. Positive effects of resistance training in frail elderly patients with dementia after long-term physical restraint. Age. 2014;36(2):801–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9599-7
(7) Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S, Izquierdo M, Kraemer WJ, Peterson MD, et al. Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(8):2019–52. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003230
(8) Santos PRP, Cavalcante BR, Vieira AKS, Guimarães MD, Silva AML, Armstrong AC, et al. Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci. 2020;38(17):1936–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1763740
(9) Huang CH, Umegaki H, Makino T, Uemura K, Hayashi T, Kitada T, et al. Effect of Various Exercises on Intrinsic Capacity in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Concerns. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021;22(4):780-786.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.048
(10) Pirauá ALT, Cavalcante BR, Oliveira VMA, Beltrão NB, Batista GA, Pitangui ACR, et al. Effect of 24‐week strength training on unstable surfaces on mobility, balance, and concern about falling in older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29(11):1805–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13510
(11) Cavalcante BR, Souza MF, Falck RS, Liu-Ambrose T, Behm DG, Pitangui ACR, et al. Effects of Resistance Exercise with Instability on Cognitive Function (REI Study): A Proof-Of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial in Older Adults with Cognitive Complaints. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;77(1):227–39. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200349
(12) Cavalcante BR, Nascimento VYS, Falck RS, Soares BO, Dias EF, Silva MS, et al. Effects of Resistance Exercise with Instability on Concerns about Falling and Depressive Symptoms in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults. Int J Gerontol. 2022;16(2):95–9. https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202204_16(2).0004
(13) Cavalcante BR, Souza MF, Liu-Ambrose T, Behm D, Pitangui ACR, Araújo RC. Effects of Resistance Exercise with Instability on Neurocognitive Functions (REI STUDY): Study Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Complaints. Mot Rev Educ Física. 2019;25(2):e101910. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201900020004
(14) Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, et al. CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010;340:c869. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c869
(15) Memória CM, Yassuda MS, Nakano EY, Forlenza O V. Brief screening for mild cognitive impairment: validation of the Brazilian version of the Montreal cognitive assessment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013;28(1):34–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3787
(16) Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9(3):179–86. Cited: PMID: 5349366
(17) Katz S. Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1983;31(12):721–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x
(18) Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed ”Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x
(19) Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, et al. A Short Physical Performance Battery Assessing Lower Extremity Function: Association With Self-Reported Disability and Prediction of Mortality and Nursing Home Admission. J Gerontol. 1994;49(2):M85–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.M85
(20) James K, Schwartz AW, Orkaby AR. Mobility Assessment in Older Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(8):e22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMvcm2009406
(21) Whiteside DM, Kealey T, Semla M, Luu H, Rice L, Basso MR, et al. Verbal Fluency: Language or Executive Function Measure?. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2016;23(1):29–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2015.1004574
(22) Strauss E, Sherman EMS, Spreen O. A compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary. 3a. ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006.
(23) Wechsler DA. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. 4th ed. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation; 2008. https://doi.org/10.1037/t15169-000
(24) Wang C-Y, Chen L-Y. Grip Strength in Older Adults: Test-Retest Reliability and Cutoff for Subjective Weakness of Using the Hands in Heavy Tasks. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91(11):1747–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.07.225
(25) Enright PL. The six-minute walk test. Respir Care. 2002;48(8):783–85. Cited: PMID: 12890299
(26) Almeida OP, Almeida SA. Reliability of the Brazilian version of the Geritric Depression Scale (GDS) short form. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1999;57(2B):421–26. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X1999000300013
(27) Camargos FFO, Dias RC, Dias JMD, Freire MTF. Cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Falls Efficacy Scale - International Among Elderly Brazilians (FES-I-BRAZIL). Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010;14(3):237–43. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552010000300010.
(28) Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
(29) Giudici KV, Barreto PS, Beard J, Cantet C, Carvalho IA, Rolland Y, et al. Effect of long-term omega-3 supplementation and a lifestyle multidomain intervention on intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling older adults: Secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (MAPT study). Maturitas. 2020;141:39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.012
(30) Gonzalez-Bautista E, Andrieu S, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM, García-Chanes RE, Barreto PS. In the quest of a Standard Index of Intrinsic Capacity. A Critical Literature Review. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(9):959–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1394-4
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Bruno Remígio Cavalcante, Mariana Ferreira de Souza, Dayane Tays da Silva, Gabriel de Amorim Batista, Vinícius Yan Santos Nascimento, Rodrigo Cappato de Araújo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
