Alternate hand wall toss test: normative reference value in young adults and its correlation with anthropometric measures — a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.2025.e6264Keywords:
AHWTT, Eye-Hand Coordination, Motor Skills, Normative Values, Visual PerceptionAbstract
INTRODUCTION: The alternate hand wall toss test (AHWTT) is a simple, cost-effective, and portable method to assess eye-hand coordination, kinesthetic awareness, and motor control. OBJECTIVE: To establish normative reference values for the AHWTT in young adults aged 18–26 years and evaluate its correlation with anthropometric measures. METHODS: A total of 457 participants (232 males, 225 females) aged 18–26 years were recruited through purposive sampling. Anthropometric data — height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) — were recorded. Participants stood 2 meters from a wall and completed three 30-second AHWTT trials with one-minute rest intervals. The highest score among the trials was used for analysis. Normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Independent t-tests compared sex-based performance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient assessed relationships between AHWTT scores and anthropometric variables. Intra-rater reliability was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The mean AHWTT score was 25.33 ± 3.94, with males (28.40 ± 2.81) outperforming females (22.16 ± 1.89). The 21–23 years old group had the highest performance. AHWTT scores positively correlated moderately with height (r = 0.642) and weight (r = 0.418), weakly with WHR (r = 0.296), and negligibly with BMI (r = 0.087). The test showed excellent intra-class reliability (ICC = 0.957). CONCLUSION: This study provides normative AHWTT values for young adults and highlights the influence of sex, age, and height on performance. The AHWTT may serve as a reliable tool for assessing coordination and motor skills in clinical and sports settings.This study provides normative AHWTT values for young adults and highlights the influence of sex, age, and height on performance. The AHWTT may serve as a reliable tool for assessing coordination and motor skills in clinical and sports settings.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Arhaan Naru, Angel Gupta, Nitesh Verma, Geetanjali Kaul, Pooja Mehra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
