Thermographic analysis in the evaluation of venous leg ulcers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17267/2317-3378rec.2023.e5211Keywords:
Varicose Ulcer, Thermography, Nurses, Injuries, Lower LimbsAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temperature of the venous ulcer in comparison to the temperature of the healthy contralateral limb and whether this heat emission is associated with the severity of the injury. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a private institution in Salvador/Bahia from March to August 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected, as well as a clinical evaluation of the 33 participants and the 66 lower limbs, thermographic image capture of venous ulcer, and thermal analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the 33 participants was 70 ± 12.49 years, the race/color, self-declared, brown (14; 42.4%), male (17; 51.5%). They reported alcoholism (10; 30.3%). Regarding the correlation between the maximum and mean temperature of the limb with venous ulcer versus the contralateral limb, it showed a correlation (p=0.001) in all regions evaluated. Regarding alcoholism, it was correlated with the maximum temperature of the ulcer (p=0.003), border (p=0.015), and center (p=0.006). Regarding the PUSH ≥12, it was correlated with geographic morphology (p=0.001) and poorly defined (p=0.008). Delta correlated with recurrence (p=0.004) and Severe Delta with ulcer time >12 months (p=0.024), recurrence, and alcoholism (p=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Thermography in the evaluation of venous ulcers in the lower limbs contributes to the thermal monitoring of inflammatory processes and tissue perfusion.
Downloads
References
(1) Riveros ER, Medina LB, Enfermera MR, Rivas SS, Rivas CS. Quality of Life Evaluation in Users With Active Venous Ulcer. Rev. Urug. Enferm. 2021; 16(2):e2021v16n2a10. https://doi.org/10.33517/rue2021v16n2a10
(2) Teixeira AKS, Silva LF, Marques ADB, Soares CRS. Characterization of patients with venous ulcer assisted in a public hospital stomatherapy clinic. ESTIMA, Braz. J. Enterostomal Ther. 2018;16:e0318. https://doi.org/10.30886/estima.v16.346
(3) Cruz CC, Caliri MHL, Bernardes RM. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of people with venous ulcers attended at municipal health units. ESTIMA, Braz. J. Enterostomal Ther. 2018;16:e1218. https://doi.org/10.30886/estima.v16.496
(4) Žulec M, Rotar-Pavlič D, Puharić Z, Žulec A. "Wounds Home Alone" - Why and How Venous Leg Ulcer Patients Self-Treat Their Ulcer: A Qualitative Content Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(4):559. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040559
(5) Osmarin VM, Boni FG, Bavaresco T, Lucena AF, Echer IC. Use of the Nursing Outcomes Classification - NOC to assess the knowledge of patients with venous ulcer. Rev. Gaúcha Enferm. 2020;41(esp):e20190146. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190146
(6) Cwajda-Białasik J, Mościcka P, Szewczyk MT, Hojan-Jezierska D, Kawałkiewicz W, Majewska A, et al. Venous leg ulcers treated with fish collagen gel in a 12-week randomized single-centre study. Adv Dermatol Allergol. 2022;39(4):714-22. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2021.108424
(7) Nogueira GA, Camacho ACLF, Oliveira BGRB, Santana RF, Silva CRL, Cardoso RSS, et al. Nursing Interventions, Diagnoses, and Results in Outpatient Care for Cases of Venous Ulcers. Rev Cubana Enfermer [Internet]. 2020;36(2):e3169. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?pid=S0864-03192020000200006&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt
(8) Campoi ALM, Felicidade PJ, Martins LCN, Barbosa LBM, Alves GA, Ferreira LA. Nursing care for patients with chronic wounds: an experience report. Rev. Fam., Ciclos Vida Saúde Contexto Soc. 2019;7(2):248-55. https://doi.org/10.18554/refacs.v7i2.3045
(9) Mutlak O, Aslam M, Standfield N. The influence of exercise on ulcer healing in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Int Angiol. 2018;37(2):160-68. Cited: PMID: 29368880.
(10) Cesar ARR. Intervention of the nurse regarding the treatment of venous ulcer: bibliographic review. REAC. 2019;6:e1803. https://doi.org/10.25248/reac.e1803.2019
(11) Vieira IC, Franzoi MA. Caring for chronic injuries: knowledge and practices of people with venous ulcers. Enferm Foco. 2021;12(3):454-60. https://doi.org/10.21675/2357-707X.2021.v12.n3.3515
(12) Nogueira GA, Camacho ACLF, Oliveira BGRB, Santana RF, Silva CRL, Cardoso RSS, et al. Validation of a data colletion instrument for clinical evaluation of persons with venous ulcers. Rev. Enferm. Atual In Derme. 2019;89(27). https://doi.org/10.31011/reaid-2019-v.89-n.27-art.478
(13) Oliveira SB, Soares DA, Pires PS. Prevalence of venous ulcers and associated factors among adults of a health center in Vitória da Conquista – BA. J. Res.: Fundam. Care. Online. 2015;7(3):2659-69. https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2015.v7i3.2659-2669
(14) Vieira CPB, Araújo TME. Prevalence and factors associated with chronic wounds in older adults in primary care. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2018;52:e03415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017051303415
(15) Monshipouri M, Aliahmad B, Ogrin R, Elder K, Anderson J, Polus B, et al. Thermal imaging potential and limitations to predict healing of venous leg ulcers. Sci Rep. 2021;11:13239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92828-2
(16) Otaviano MH, Salles M, Ching TH, Dettoni JL, Coulibaly IGS, Fukunaga ET, et al. Topical Oxygen Jet Therapy (TOJT) for treating infected chronic surgical wounds. Braz J Infect Dis. 2021;25(2):101547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101547
(17) Macedo ABT, Graciotto A, Souza E, Junges M, Gentilini MM, Souza SBC. Pressure ulcers: correlation between the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool and the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2021;30:20200260. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2020-0260
(18) Lin YH, Chen YC, Cheng KS, Yu PJ, Wang JL, Ko NY. Higher Periwound Temperature Associated with Wound Healing of Pressure Ulcers Detected by Infrared Thermography. J Clin Med. 2021;10(13):2883. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132883
(19) Echevarría-Guanilo ME, Fuculo-Junior PRB. The thermography: method of evaluation of skin changes. Rev. Enferm. Atual In Derme. 2021;94(32):e-020084. https://doi.org/10.31011/reaid-2020-v.94-n.32-art.919
(20) Silva PC, Silva DM, Macedo TLS, Macedo TLS, Luna BMG. The nurse’s performance in the treatment of wounds. Braz. J. Hea. Rev. 2021;4(2):4815-22. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n2-066
(21) Raffetto JD, Ligi D, Maniscalco R, Khalil RA, Mannello F. Why Venous Leg Ulcers Have Difficulty Healing: Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment. J Clin Med. 2020;10(1):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010029
(22) Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL, Bartlett R, Arriaga-Caballero JE, Fraser RDJ, Saiko G. Infrared Thermography in Wound Care, Surgery, and Sports Medicine: A Review. Front Physiol. 2022;13:838528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.838528
(23) Duarte GG, Leal BAS, Santos CN, Sachett JAG, Honorato EJS, Xavier A, et al. Use of thermography for the treatment of skin injuries: Systematic literature review. Braz J Hea Rev. 2020;3(5):13257-73. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n5-153
(24) Neves EB. Use of thermal images by nursing professionals: a valuable tool. Rev Salud Pública (Córdoba) [Internet]. 2020;24(3):102-6. Available from: https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/RSD/article/view/28041
(25) Calis H, Sengul S, Guler Y, Karabulut Z. Non-healing wounds: Can it take different diagnosis?. Int Wound J. 2020;17(2):443-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13292
(26) Li S, Mohamedi AH, Senkowsky J, Nair A, Tang L. Imaging in Chronic Wound Diagnostics. Adv Wound Care. 2020;9(5):245-63. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2019.0967
(27) Chaves MEA, Freire ATF, Andrade RM, Pinotti M. Termography and wound healing. Mecânica Experimental [Internet]. 2016;26:11-6. Available from: http://www-ext.lnec.pt/APAET/pdf/Rev_26_A2.pdf
(28) Mamone V, Fonzo MD, Esposito N, Ferrari M, Ferrari V. Monitoring Wound Healing With Contactless Measurements and Augmented Reality. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. 2020;8:2700412. https://doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2020.2983156
(29) O'Meara S, Cullum N, Nelson EA, Dumville JC. Compression for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11(11):CD000265. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000265.pub3
(30) Brioschi ML, Teixeira MJ, Yeng LT, Silva FMRM. Manual de Termografia Médica (Baseado no International Consensus and Guidelines for Medical Thermography). São Paulo: Andreoli; 2012.
(31) Cruz CC, Caliri MHL, Bernardes RM. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of people with venous ulcers attended at municipal health units. ESTIMA, Braz. J. Enterostomal Ther. 2018;16:e1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.30886/estima.v16.496
(32) Lopes SM, Siqueira DLF, Moreira RC, Silva NMMG, Tashima CM. Correlation between thermographic images of patients with lower limbulcers andclinicalfeatures. Braz J Develop. 2021;7(2):20778-92. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n2-632
(33) Gethin G, Ivory JD, Sezgin D, Muller H, O'Connor G, Vellinga A. What is the “normal” wound bed temperature? A scoping review and new hypothesis. Wound Rep Reg. 2021;29:843-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12930
(34) Lucas RWC, Brioschi ML. Termografia aplicada à Fisioterapia [Internet]. Florianópolis: Sistema Wallace Consultoria Ltda; 2016 [cited apr. 18 2022]. Available from: https://docplayer.com.br/225870912-Termografia-aplicada-a-fisioterapia.html.
(35) Moreira-Marconi E, Moura-Fernandes MC, Lopes-Souza P, Teixeira-Silva Y, Reis-Silva A, Marchon RM, et al. Evaluation of the temperature of posterior lower limbs skin during the whole body vibration measured by infrared thermography: Cross-sectional study analysis using linear mixed effect model. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0212512. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212512
(36) Ioannou S. Functional infrared thermal imaging: a contemporary tool in soft tissue screening. Sci Rep. 2020;10:9303. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66397-9
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Lília Doria Pinto Couto, Maria Thaís Calasans, Josenira Nascimento Silva, Karina Oliveira Portugal Araújo, Marcos Almeida Matos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
