Aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors as a predictor of negative outcome in individuals affected by Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17267/2317-3378rec.2023.e4775Keywords:
COVID-19 Virus Infection, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Cardiovascular DiseasesAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) is a predictor for negative outcomes in individuals affected by COVID-19. METHODS: Epidemiological study with secondary data on COVID-19 in Salvador/Bahia, from March to December 2020. There were 10,077 records obtained from the database made available by the Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde (Center for Strategic Information on Health Surveillance) in the municipality of Salvador. RESULTS: The mean age of the individuals was 60.40 years (sd ± 19.30), most of them male (53.88%), mixed race/color (71.83%) and attended high school (43.53 %). Diabetes mellitus was present in 48.83% of people, chronic heart disease in 60.58%, and a mean BMI of 34.79 (SD ± 8.48). Most hospitalizations (52.79%) progressed to ICU admission after 1.20 days (sd ± 4.03). The mean ICU stay was 8.76 days (SD ± 11.17). Most of these individuals were cured (61.88%), but 37.97% died. In the association of outcomes, 54.83% (p<0.01) of people with heart disease and 54.71% (p<0.01) with diabetes were cured of COVID-19. Among the individuals who did not go to the ICU, 85.43% (p<0.01) were cured and 55.90% (p<0.01) of those who were, died. Descriptive analysis of CVRF accumulation did not point to differences in the outcome when one or more associated factors are present. CONCLUSION: the presence of one or more CVRF was not a predictor for a serious outcome in individuals with COVID-19 in the city of Salvador in 2020.
Downloads
References
(1) Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO. The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China: Challenges for Global Health Governance. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2020;323(8):709–710. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1097
(2) World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020. [Cited 2020 nov 08]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.
(3) Agência Brasil. Covid-19: mortes somam 359 e infectados são 9 mil no Brasil [Internet]. [Cited 2021 11 jun]. Available from: https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/saude/noticia/2020-04/covid-19-mortes-somam-359-e-infectados-sao-9-mli-no-brasil
(4) SESAB. Boletim Epidemiológico COVID-19 14-12-2020 [Internet]. [Cited 2021 jun 24]. Available from: http://www.saude.ba.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Boletim-Infografico-14-12-2020.pdf.
(5) Esakandari H, Nabi-afjadi M, Fakkari-afjadi J, Farahmandian N, Miresmaeili S, Bahreini E. A comprehensive review of COVID-19 characteristics. Biol Proced On. 2020;22:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12575-020-00128-2
(6) Greenhalgh T, Jimenez JL, Prather KA, Tufekci Z, Fisman D, Schooley R. Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The Lancet. 2021;397(10285):1603–05. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00869-2
(7) Zhang Y. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China, 2020. China CDC Weekly. 2020;2(8):113-122. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.032
(8) Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu Y, Mao Y, Ye R, Wang Q, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x
(9) Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
(10) Shahid Z, Kalayanamitra R, McClafferty B, Kepko D, Ramgobin D, Patel R, et al. COVID-19 and Older Adults: What We Know. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(5):926–929. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16472
(11) Rossi Neto JM, Drager LF, Maia LN. Fatores de risco cardiovascular e a COVID-19. Rev Soc Cardiol [Internet]. 2020;30(4):444-452. Available from: https://socesp.org.br/revista/edicao-atual/fatores-de-risco-cardiovascular-e-a-covid-19/110/791/
(12) Costa IBSS, Bittar CS, Rizk SI, Filho AEA, Santos KAQ, Machado TIV, et al. The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020;114(5):805–816. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200279
(13) Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol 2020;5(7):811–818. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017
(14) Nishiga M, Wang DW, Han Y, Lewis DB, Wu JC. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(9):543–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9
(15) Dorjee K, Kim H, Bonomo E, Dolma R. Prevalence and predictors of death and severe disease in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 studies and 38,000 patients. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243191
(16) Yin T, Li Y, Ying Y, Luo Z. Prevalence of comorbidity in Chinese patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05915-0
(17) Li X, Zhong X, Wang Y, Zeng X, Luo T, Liu Q. Clinical determinants of the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602
(18) Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
(19) Muniyappa R, Gubbi S. COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol - Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(5):E736–E741. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2020
(20) Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Nota Técnica Nº 467/2021-CGPNI/DEIDT/SVS/MS (2021) [Internet]. Available from: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/coronavirus/notas-tecnicas/2021/nota-tecnica-no-467-2021-cgpni-deidt-svs-ms.pdf/view
(21) Pettit NN, MacKenzie EL, Ridgway JP, Pursell K, Ash D, Patel B, Pho MT. Obesity is Associated with Increased Risk for Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Obesity. 2020;28(10):1806–1810. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22941
(22) Zhang X, Zheng J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Chen GP, Zhang HP, et al. Systemic inflammation mediates the detrimental effects of obesity on asthma control. Allergy Asthma Proc 2018;39(1):43–50; doi: 10.2500/aap.2018.39.4096
(23) Noronha KVMS, Guedes GR, Turra CM, Andrade MV, Botega L, Nogueira D, et al. Pandemia por COVID-19 no Brasil: análise da demanda e da oferta de leitos hospitalares e equipamentos de ventilação assistida segundo diferentes cenários. Cad Saude Publica 2020;36(6):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00115320
(24) Prado PR, Gimenes FRE. Lima MVM, Prado VB, Soares CP, Amaral TLM. Risk factors for death due to COVID-19, in the state of Acre, Brazil, 2020: a retrospective cohort study. Epidemiol. Serv. Saude. 2021;30(3):e2020676 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742021000300018.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Giulia Carolina de Almada Souza Santana, Mylena Saldanha Vargas, Lívia Brito Oliveira, Andreia Santos Mendes, Gleide Glícia Gama Lordello, Glicia Gleide Gonçalves Gama
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
